The official record of the services in the Army of Brigadier-General F. P. Crozier is as follows:—
Born, 9th January, 1879.
Served as Lieutenant in 4th Battalion, Middlesex Rifle Volunteers, 1896.
Served as Lieutenant in Militia, 1897, and as a corporal in Thornycroft's Mounted Infantry in the South African War.
Obtained a commission as 2nd Lieutenant in the Manchester Regiment (from ranks of Local Military Forces, Natal), 19th May, 1900.
Lieutenant, Manchester Regiment, 13th July, 1901.
Employed with West African Frontier Force from 3rd June, 1901, to 17th September, 1905.
To half-pay, 31st March, 1908.
Resigned commission, 17th June, 1908.
Commissioned as Captain, 3rd Battalion, Loyal North Lancashire Regiment, 17th June, 1908.
Resigned commission, 22nd May, 1909.
War, 1914–1919.
Commissioned Temporary Captain, Service Battalions, September, 1914.
9th Service Battalion (West Belfast), Royal Irish Rifles.
Temporary Major, Second in Command, 4th September, 1914.
Temporary Lieutenant-Colonel whilst Commanding Battalion, 8th January, 1916.
Temporary Brigadier - General, General List, 20th November, 1916.
Commander, 119th Infantry Brigade.
Relinquished appointment and temporary rank of Brigadier-General, 15th April, 1919.
Lieut.-Colonel F. P. Crozier, temporary to Command 3rd Reserve Battalion, Welsh Regiment, 24th April, 1919.
Ceased to Command 3rd Reserve Battalion, Welsh Regiment, 22nd July, 1919.
Relinquished Commission and granted honorary rank of Brigadier-General, 31st July, 1919.
Unofficial. — Attached Lithuanian Delegation, Paris. General Major Lithuanian Forces.
War Services.
South African War, 1899–1901.—Relief of Ladysmith, including action at Colenso; operations of 17th to 24th January, 1900, and action at Spion Kop; operations of 5th to 7th February and action at Vaal Kranz; operations on Tugela Heights (14th to 27th February). Operations in Natal, March to June, 1900, including action at Laing's Nek (6th to 9th June). Operations in Orange River Colony, May to 28th November, 1900, including actions at Wittebergen (1st to 29th July), and Caledon River (27th to 29th July).
Operations in the Transvaal and Orange River Colony, 30th November to December, 1900.
Operations in Cape Colony, December, 1900, to January, 1901. Queen's Medal with seven clasps.
West Africa (Northern Nigeria), 1903.—Kano-Sokoto Campaign. Medal with clasp. Sokoto-Burmi operations.
The War of 1914–19.—Despatches "London Gazette," 4th January, 1917; 15th May, 1917; 11th December, 1917; 20th May, 1918; 20th December, 1918; and 5th July, 1919. French War Cross, C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O.

 

crozier lithuania

 

Britain did not send a military mission to any of the Baltic states (as this would imply recognition) but created a Baltic Mission. It had offices in all of them but was accredited to none of them. It was not officially a military mission although it performed many of the functions of one and was often referred to as one. Thus where we see the words ‘British Military Mission in Lithuania’ this was not the same as a ‘Military Mission to Lithuania’.

The British FO recognised that to remain independent of Russia Lithuania would need a strong regional backer. Only Germany or Poland could provide this. The FO favoured Polish support (there were a number of very pro Polish civil servants who regarded Lithuania as effectively part of Poland) and so effort was put into diminishing Germany’s influence and encouraging an arrangement with Poland. This was made difficult because of Poland’s aggression towards its Baltic neighbours and its duplicitous treatment of various truces and peace agreements.
The appointment by the Lithuanian mission to Paris, led by the Lithuanian Prime Minister Voldemaras, of Crozier (with Muirhead in support) as Inspector General with responsibility for organising and training the Lithuanian armed forces does not appear to have been the result of any British grand scheme but it certainly met with Curzon’s approval who referred to it as a “splendid opportunity” and one of which he hoped to take advantage. He was to be disappointed. Crozier himself described his mission as “a ghastly failure, due to various causes”. Crozier’s view of these causes differs from other observers, in his view it was all down to “discontent among the unpaid soldiers had been increased by the extravagance and greed of the political leaders; and it was finally fermented to explosion by the Poles with the aid of a certain charming international lady of undefined morals” others took a different view. In spite of (or possibly because of) his reputation as a martinet Crozier had problems with discipline- one of his own British staff officers attempted to assassinate Crozier for restrictions the latter had placed upon his love-life. There were mutinies amongst the men whose training he was organising, large numbers of his staff resigned. “With an abundance of redundant British officers, Crozier had failed to restrict his corps to a size the Lithuanians could afford, or to exclude officers ‘of the wrong type’.”
Voldemaras, who had appointed Crozier was ousted as Prime Minister and there was resentment over the placing of foreigners in positions of influence (such as inspector General of the army). At the same time Crozier resisted British attempts to broker Lithuanian and Polish cooperation in pushing Bolshevik troops out of the country and fell out with Ward so that he was in effect at loggerheads with the British Government. He was shortly to be in disagreement with his Lithuanian employers as they entered into an arrangement with the Poles for joint operations against the Bolsheviks which he disparaged.

So the training wasn’t going well and Crozier had created tension between himself and the British and Lithuanians. The threat posed by Germany was dwindling and, with Polish help, the Bolsheviks were about to be driven out. There seems to have been little point in Crozier any more. I suspect he may have been shown into a small room with a bottle of whisky and a loaded resignation letter on the table. Some of his remaining officers accompanied him to Ireland and the Auxillaries.

 

Foreign Office files at Kew indicate that the official policy towards Crozier and his team was that they were to be considered as officers of the Lithuanian Army and that they were private citizens. Hence Tallents could suggest, but certainly could not instruct Crozier. The two did, however, co-operate, at least initially and had some success in improving relations between the Lithuanians and Letts. Crozier certainly kept the FO informed during the setting up of his mission, but appears not to have communicated with them once he arrived in-country. On his return to UK he arranged for his diary of his time in Lithuania to be sent to the FO, but they promptly lost it! This was in the hope of gaining FO employment. Croizer himaself saw his prime task in Lithuania, at least initially, as getting the Lithuanian Army in shape to counter the threat from von der Goltz. As for the Tallents mission, which became officially known as the Batlic Mission, it became discredited by the FO, mainly because of the behavious of some of its members. Ward himself was accused by the Lithuanians of drunkenness and other debauchery, although nbo concrete evdence was found of this. He later became editor of The Times.

 

crozier obituary